Arundel Castle

Arundel Castle is a complex of buildings with origins in the late 11th century, initially constructed for Roger de Montgomery under a grant from William the Conqueror. The lower part of the gatehouse likely dates from this period. Stylistically, the middle stage of the gatehouse, the keep, and cellars beneath the south-east range appear to be from the late 12th century, possibly from the time of Earl William de Albini. A barbican, the upper stage of the gatehouse, a north-west buttress, and a well tower to the keep are thought to be from the late 13th century, potentially from the time of Richard, 1st Earl of Arundel. Curtain walls and towers at the north end are also medieval, though of uncertain date, and were restored in the late 19th century.

The north-east range may have been rebuilt in the early 16th century, possibly by William, 11th Earl of Arundel. James Gibbs produced plans for the 8th Duke of Norfolk, possibly relating to the south-east range, though this was followed by late 18th-century rebuilding evidenced in Dallaway’s "History of Western Sussex". Significant rebuilding occurred between the late 18th and early 19th centuries under the direction of the 11th Duke of Norfolk, initially by Francis Hiorn and later by James Teasdale, adhering to the existing building outline as shown in Hollar’s circa 1640 view. Sculpture for the 11th Duke was supplied by John Teasdale the Elder from 1790 onwards. Only the Library, completed in 1801, survives from this rebuilding phase. The campaign was concluded in 1815 with the opening of the Baron's Hall.

Between 1890 and 1903, the Chapel, Baron's Hall, remainder of the south-west range, the entirety of the south-east range apart from the cellar, and the north-east range above and north of the library were rebuilt by Charles Alban Buckler. This rebuilding involved a widespread replacement of details, substituting 13th-century features for earlier 15th-century ones.