Esgair Moel Woollen Factory is a Grade II listed building in the Cardiff local planning authority area, Wales. First listed on 6 October 1977. Woollen factory.

Esgair Moel Woollen Factory

WRENN ID
solitary-paling-spindle
Grade
II
Local Planning Authority
Cardiff
Constituency
Cardiff West MP: Mr Alex Barros-Curtis (Lab)
Country
Wales
Date first listed
6 October 1977
Type
Woollen factory
Address
Esgair Moel Woollen Factory, Museum of Welsh Life, St Fagans, St. Fagans
OS grid reference
ST 118 774
Coordinates
51.48871, -3.27084
Source
Cadw listing

Also on this page: flood risk · radon risk · weather exposure · detailed attributes ↓

Description

Esgair Moel Woollen Factory is a long rectangular building that was powered by water. It features whitewashed stone rubble walls with dressed stone door and window openings, topped by a Welsh slate roof with three rubblestone stacks. The factory has been extended multiple times to accommodate all the processes involved in woollen manufacture, including carding, dyeing, spinning, twisting, warping, weaving, willying, and fulling.

The original section is likely at the southern end, which includes an office and store with cobbled floors and a weaving room above. The northern part contains the fulling mill and willying rooms, which have flagged floors. The factory was probably expanded in the 1830s or 1840s when water-driven spinning and carding machines became common. There is also a small lean-to from the late 19th century with a chimney, which houses the dyeing rooms against the south gable end.

The east elevation faces a pond and has four windows, four doors, and a wheel-arch on the ground floor, arranged as follows from the left: window, door, door, window, door, window, arch, window, door. Above, there are eight irregularly spaced windows. The windows vary in size, being 1, 2, and 3-light, with 2-light windows in the weaving room. The doors are plain boarded. The west elevation is built into the bank and features five small windows below, the largest being 4-light, along with six windows and a doorway above.

Inside, there is a wheel located in the center of the building. The original portion likely includes the southern end with an office and store, cobbled floors, and a weaving room above. The northern first floor room is designated for carding, spinning, twisting, and warping, illuminated by five windows in the east wall and four in the west. Two steps lead up to the weaving room at the south end, which is lit by large windows. On the ground floor, the willying room is at the north end, with the fulling mill and a section with an earth floor designated for finishing processes. The machinery inside is of varying dates and origins, with notable items including the carding-jack, spinning engines, water wheel, and fulling stocks.

Local climate

Esgair Moel Woollen Factory sits in a wetter-than-average part of the UK, with an average of 1,110 mm of rain a year. This makes it wetter than 88% of listed buildings in the UK. Its exposure to wind-driven rain is greater than that of 90% of listed buildings.

It experiences an average of 21 freeze-thaw cycles a year, fewer than 78% of listed buildings. Of these, 8 follow at least 1 mm of rain in the preceding 48 hours. Average temperatures at this location have risen by 0.3°C per decade since 1991.

Averages for 1991–2020; temperature trend 1991–2025. Figures describe the wider area (a grid cell of roughly 10 km), not the individual site. Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information 2026.

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