5 Dandy Row, Lenaderg, Banbridge, Co Down, BT32 4NP is a Grade Record Only listed building in the Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon local planning authority area, Northern Ireland. First listed on 25 October 1977.
5 Dandy Row, Lenaderg, Banbridge, Co Down, BT32 4NP
- WRENN ID
- muted-plaster-vetch
- Grade
- Record Only
- Local Planning Authority
- Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon
- Country
- Northern Ireland
- Date first listed
- 25 October 1977
- Source
- NI Environment Agency listing
Description
A two-storey single-bay end-of-terrace mill workers' house built around 1868, located off Huntley Road near the junction with Lurgan Road, approximately 1½ miles north of Banbridge.
The house has a square plan with a rear return. It is constructed with roughcast cement rendered walling over an artificial stone plinth. The pitched roof is covered with natural slate and clay ridge tiles, with uPVC replacement rainwater goods and a rendered chimney stack.
The principal elevation faces north and is asymmetrically arranged, with the front door positioned to the left and a single window to the right, with a single first-floor window directly above. Both windows are replacement timber top-hung casements; the door is a replacement timber specimen of no architectural interest. The left gable is abutted by an adjoining building. The rear elevation is substantially obscured by a modern full-width two-storey pitched roof return with matching eaves level. This return includes a single first-floor picture window to the gable, a recessed ground floor with a single picture window and rear door, and a single first-floor casement window to the left cheek, none of interest. The right gable is blank.
The building has undergone extensive alterations resulting in significant loss of character and architectural detailing. Its principal interest lies in its relationship with adjacent buildings forming a historic terrace cluster and its role in the social and industrial development of the area. However, it is not among the best examples of the type and has been adversely affected by changes to the remainder of the terrace.
The house forms part of a terrace that runs perpendicular to the main road, with a private access running along the front that terminates at a former school building, now derelict. To the east and south are associated historic buildings forming part of the wider cluster group.
Valuation records date the house to 1868. It was built as one of five dwellings providing worker's housing for Milltown bleach works, erected by William and John Smyth as part of a self-contained industrial settlement. Milltown was established in 1820 when John Smyth (1798–1890), descendant of a linen-trading family, purchased a corn mill and surrounding land from the Crawford family and erected extensive bleaching and finishing works. Beside the bleach works he built Milltown House around 1825, reportedly as a wedding present for his fiancé Anna McClelland of Belmont House. By 1839, John Smyth & Co had become the largest bleaching and finishing works on the Bann with an output of 40,000 pieces of cloth per year. Following Victorian industrial paternalism practices, the Smyths provided housing, education, a reading room, and funds for sickness, funeral expenses, and provisions of food, fuel and clothing during harsh seasons.
The first-edition Ordnance Survey map of 1833 shows Milltown House and a bleach mill on the Bann with extensive bleach greens. By the second edition of 1860, considerable development had occurred including a national school and worker's housing, though the present terrace was not built until the late 1860s and first appears on the third-edition map of around 1900. Three of John and Anna Smyth's twelve children formed William Smyth & Co Ltd, a successful firm employing more than 250 people. The railway line connecting Banbridge with Scarva (1859) and Lisburn (1863) provided convenient transport for goods. By 1857 the Smyths owned the Bannville Beetling Mill with customers worldwide including the USA, Italy, Russia and Germany. An iron foundry was established in 1876 for the company's own needs and local light engineering work. By 1886 the bleach works and greens covered 220 acres, powered by water with steam as auxiliary, operating six iron water wheels.
The buildings first appear in the Annual Revision fieldbook from 1864–1878 as newly-built vacant kitchen dwellings valued at £2 10 shillings. They appear to have been unfinished at this stage and with the addition of returns were revalued in 1868 at £4 each. By that year most were occupied, with John Smyth Senior as initial landlord and later William Smyth & Co Ltd. The first recorded occupier was William Shaw (1868), followed by Joseph McGuinness (1902), Thomas McGuinness (1906), Samuel Bleakley (1912) and Esther Bleakley (1917). The 1901 census lists the householder as Essy McGuinness, a widow of 55, living with six children aged 14 to 25, the youngest working as a folder in the factory whilst others worked as carpenters, machinists and general labourers, likely all at the mill. By 1911 one daughter had married Samuel Cahoon Bleakley, a finisher at the bleach works, and the five-room house accommodated a large number of residents including his four children (youngest a baby, oldest 7), two male relatives (a millwright and general labourer at the bleach works), and another family: John Topping (a damask weaver), his wife and two small children. In the First General Revaluation of 1933–34 the houses were listed as old cottages in fair condition, comprising three bedrooms, a kitchen and scullery, with rent at 2 shillings 8 pence per week.
The mill produced linen until the 1940s. The company entered voluntary liquidation in 1945, having been taken over by the Irish Bleachers' Association some years earlier under their redundancy scheme. Factory buildings were eventually demolished in the 1950s. The house continues in use as a dwelling.
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