Cambridge Judge Business School

The Cambridge Judge Business School comprises a mid-18th-century former hospital building significantly extended between 1993 and 1995 by architect John Outram for the Judge Institute of Management Studies. The complex incorporates Addenbrooke's Hospital, built in the mid-18th century and subsequently extended and altered throughout the 19th and 20th centuries.

Materials and Construction

The front south-west elevation and the north and south wards, constructed in 1865 by Matthew Digby Wyatt, are built of yellow brick with stone, terracotta and ceramic tile details. Outram's 1993-1995 additions use concrete clad in brick render and solid brick construction, including reclaimed stocks, with brick, concrete and tile embellishments and timber windows. The cornices of the Gallery, Ark and Castle feature Outram's distinctive pre-cast coloured concrete elements, which he termed 'doodlecrete' and 'blitzcrete'. The roofs of the pediment, Gallery and Castle are covered with green pantiles. Inside the Gallery, brightly coloured brick is combined with polished concrete finishes incorporating 'blitzcrete'. The atrium features timber balustrades, walkways and stairs, whilst the atrium floor is finished with Carrara C-type marble tiles edged with black granite tiles.

Layout

The former Addenbrooke's Hospital is a long symmetrical rectangular building oriented north-west to south-east. It consists of a central four-storey block flanked by four-storey ward blocks to the north and south. A mezzanine floor was inserted between the ground and first floors of these ward blocks in 2006. At the end of each ward, a toilet and stair block projects to the rear. Outram retained the two four-storey wards and the connecting screen wall between them, adding a large parallelogram-plan atrium (the Gallery) behind the screen wall. This links to a rectangular four-storey office block to the east (the Ark) and a square five-storey lecture theatre block to the south-east (the Castle).

Exterior: Former Hospital Building

The former Addenbrooke's Hospital presents a long imposing façade to a forecourt facing west towards Trumpington Street. The original mid-18th-century front elevation was largely refaced by Sir Matthew Digby Wyatt in 1865, incorporating arcading derived from North Italian late medieval sources. An attic storey was added between around 1915 and 1930, and the entire building was cleaned and the attic storey rebuilt by John Outram between 1993 and 1995. The north and south wards have flat roofs, whilst Outram's central pediment, Gallery and Castle each have shallow-pitched green pantile roofs.

The central entrance bay features a rectangular projecting porch with a canted bay above rising through the first and second floors (the third floor element is not canted). The porch has stone quoins and a door surround in the Jacobean style by Wyatt, topped by a stone cornice inscribed with the Judge Institute name and the date 1990 on its frieze. The porch opening was filled by Outram's 'Airlock Gothic' double-leaf doors under a circular overlight (replaced with a replica in 2017 to incorporate universal disabled access). The canted bay at first and second floors has stone quoins and side windows. Flanking the canted bay are arcades of five round arches at ground and first floors, with carved stone columns and red brick arches. Outram infilled the first floor arcade with glazing and lowered the ground level by 450 millimetres, introducing new stone plinths to the ground floor arcade. The second floor arcade features flat arches with foliated columns standing on a balustrade wall with diaper brickwork panels. The second floor frieze is inscribed with the former Addenbrooke's Hospital name. Outram rebuilt the third floor loggias with flat-arched arcading, blue concrete pilasters, red lattice-work balustrades and racer-green handrails to the terrace. The pilasters support a blue frieze with red dentils (resembling logs, as termed by Outram), and Outram added the triangular pediment to the central bay.

Six-bay ward blocks extend north-west and south-east from either end of the central block, defined by seven brick buttresses with stone cappings and offsets at first floor level. The second floor of each wing has a continuous arcade of eighteen narrow bays with foliated stone columns on pedestals, carried on moulded corbels, with decorative diaper brickwork to the plinth of each bay. The arcade is blind except for six windows positioned above lower floor windows. The third floor has cast-concrete bands of grey over a jade green waved leaf band, interrupted by eleven bays of windows. Outram retained the existing fenestration arrangement throughout, replacing windows with cobalt-blue frames. The rear north-east, south-east and north-west elevations are also yellow brick with blue window frames. The rear elevation of the ward blocks features stepped buttresses extending to the second floor, with round-arched window openings at second floor level and flat-arched openings elsewhere. The rear projections at the north-east and south-east corners of the north and south wards have narrow round-arched window openings on the lower three floors and flat-arched openings on the top floor. Outram added a single-storey boiler room to the north-west elevation of the north ward.

Exterior: The Gallery

The Gallery has tall glazed walls divided by giant engaged brick columns. The long north-east elevation has nine bays of glazing framed by ten columns, whilst the narrow north-west and south-east elevations each have two pairs of window bays divided by a column. These columns have yellow brick to their lower sections, red brick to the upper sections over the Ark and Castle, black glazed capitals, and two 'blitzcrete' dentil logs over each capital, incorporated into a green and blue 'doodlecrete' entablature. Columns intersected by the Ark have cast-concrete bases and red-brick plinths to the roof garden. The seventh and eighth columns, which meet the centre of the Ark, are doubled. Each side elevation has two double-leaf aluminium-clad timber doors at ground floor level.

Exterior: The Ark

The Ark extends seven bays in length, with yellow brick walls articulated by orange and grey diaper brickwork over a dark grey plinth. Each window bay is separated by minimal engaged pilasters featuring white, black and yellow glazed diaper brickwork to the bases, bands of green 'blitzcrete', diaper brickwork to the shaft (continuous with the elevation), and splayed grey cast-concrete capitals that serve as planters for palm trees on the roof garden. Between each capital is a waved blue balustrade to the roof garden with red cones and yellow timber latticework. Each window has tubular racer-green surrounds, cobalt blue framing and a cast-concrete lintel, with lilac grey latticed panels separating ground and first floor windows, and cast-concrete sills to the second and third floors. The Ark was formerly obscured from Tennis Court Road by nurses' hostels, and is now obscured by the Sainsbury Centre (excluded from this listing), constructed on the footprint of the former hostels in 2017 and linked to the Ark via a glazed link at ground and second floor levels.

Exterior: The Castle

The Castle connects to the Gallery at its north-west corner and takes the form of a five-storey square-plan block with a shallow green pantile roof and orange brick walls over a grey battered plinth extending to the first floor. Each elevation has five short engaged pilasters with pre-cast concrete dressings, black ventilation panels and square black capitals, each topped with two 'blitzcrete' dentil logs and a 'doodlecrete' entablature. The recessed bays between have various windows, all with cobalt-blue frames and many with herringbone brick panels beneath. The lecture theatres are illuminated by large round windows in creasing-tile surrounds, flanked by secondary pilasters with roll-moulded tops. The offices have square windows, and the top floor has pairs of segmental-arched windows. The ground floor stores have door openings on the south-east and north-east elevations (two each) and one on the north-west elevation, each with a cast-concrete lintel and Outram's 'Airlock Gothic' doors (except one on the south-east elevation).

The glazed link between the Cambridge Judge Business School and Keynes House, constructed in 2017, is excluded from the listing.

Interior: Hospital Wards

The floor plan of the 19th-century north and south hospital wards remains largely unchanged, now serving as library and offices, and IT room and seminar rooms respectively. A mezzanine was inserted between the ground and first floors of each ward block in 2006. The second and fourth floors of the north ward (formerly the first and second floors of the hospital) retain fireplaces with painted terracotta flues and foliated bands and caps—the second floor having four flues and the fourth floor having six flues. The interiors of the projecting stair halls at the north-east and south-east corners of the wards were remodelled by Outram.

Interior: Central Section and Gallery

Within the central section of the former Addenbrooke's Hospital building, Outram introduced an enclosed circular stairwell and neighbouring lift shaft at each end, providing access to all six levels. The lift landings have large round openings with creasing-tile surrounds overlooking the Gallery. Outram retained the giant cornice on the west wall of the ground floor and introduced a café and seminar balconies to the second floor (formerly the hospital's first floor), with additional seminar balconies on the fourth and sixth floors (formerly the hospital's second and third floors). Each of these seminar balconies overlooks the Gallery, a bright atrium 24.5 metres in height constructed to the east of the former hospital between 1993 and 1995.

Outram describes the Gallery as the social core, centre and theatre of the academic building—a vibrant, colour-filled space enlivened by coloured brick, concrete, 'doodlecrete' and 'blitzcrete'. Outram conceived the Gallery either as a 'Basilican Core' as described by Alberti, or as a 'Republic of the Valley' with a river running from a rooftop source to the ocean, or Hobson's Conduit on Trumpington Street. These themes were to have been explored in a ceiling mural, but the clients rejected this. Instead, a complex swirling two-dimensional pattern of plywood boards, said to represent unopened irises in alternating stained and unstained wood with blue spots, covers the ceiling.

The atrium is framed by giant columns, their positions determined by the proportions of Wyatt's façade. These 'robot' orders contain all the building's services, accessed by concealed doors in the columns on every level. 'Robot beams' carry services horizontally across the Gallery, and combined with the working columns, form the 'Sixth Order'. It was intended that the columns be digitally clad in a colourful skin, transforming the 'Sixth Order' into a 'Talking Order', and £100,000 was donated for this purpose, but this part of the scheme was cut and funding withdrawn. Outram calls the walkways over these 'robot beams' 'goat paths', reflecting the dramatic and precipitous terrain traversed by goats across valleys. The columns have shiny black capitals, black symbolising knowledge. The 'Solar Spiral' design system allows the sun to enter the Gallery—the locus of the 'Republic of the Valley'—in the morning before being shaded at midday and shut out (apart from reflected light) in the afternoon. 'Social Stairs' span the Gallery and were designed to theatricise movement between floors, allowing clear views of occupants in the seminar boxes of the Gallery and the meeting rooms and roof garden of the Ark, thereby encouraging communication between building users. Along the east wall of the Gallery, cantilevered walkways provide direct access to Ark meeting rooms and offices overlooking the Gallery.

Interior: The Ark

The Ark is a rectangular four-storey building accessed from the Gallery via a central door aligned with the central entrance from Trumpington Street. A perpendicular corridor runs through the centre of the block on a north-west to south-east axis, providing access to small offices and meeting spaces on either side and terminating in stairwells at each end. The ground floor and second floor of the Ark have been significantly altered to provide facilities and access to the Sainsbury Centre (2017, excluded from this listing), but Outram's plan form, partitions and doors survive relatively intact on the other floors.

Interior: The Castle

The Castle is five storeys high and contains university stores on the ground floor (accessed from outside), administrative offices on the upper floors, and two raked lecture theatres occupying the first and second floors, and the third and fourth floors respectively. Each lecture theatre retains its original plan form, seating and benches, with round brass portholes representing windows filled with images of skies and clouds. The Castle is accessed from the south-east corner of the Gallery at each level above the ground floor, providing universal disabled access to both the upper and lower levels of each lecture theatre. The north-west corner of the Castle slots into the Gallery, with the walls facing the Gallery interior receiving the same treatment as if they were external.